Anxiety and fear of death in Health Professionals in Hospital Emergency services in Aragón.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the levels of anxiety in the face of death in professionals from hospital emergency services in Aragon. To analyse its association with sociodemographic, perception and work-related variables. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population and context of the study were health professionals in the hospital emergency services of Aragon. A non-probabilistic sampling selection was applied (n = 230 participants). The "Collet-Lester-Fear-of-Death-Scale" instrument was introduced to measure anxiety about death. The data was collected with a self-applied telematic questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to analyse the association between the study variables. RESULTS: Mean values obtained for anxiety in the face of death were 94.58 ±â€¯21.66 with a CI of 95%: (91.76-97.39) (range of scale: 28-140 points). A significant association was identified with the professional category variables (physicians, medical residents, nurses, and auxiliary nurses) (p: 0,006), gender (p: 0.001), level of training in emotional self-management (p: 0.03), self-perceived level of mental health (p: 0.07) and perception of lack of support from palliative care/mental health professionals (p: 0.006). This association was not obtained with the variables age (Sig: 0.558), total professional experience (p: 0.762) and in emergencies (p: 0.191). CONCLUSION: The levels of anxiety in the face of death in the emergency hospital services are lower than those presented in other hospital units. Variables such as professional category, degree of training in emotional self-management and self-perceived level of mental health are related to levels of anxiety in the face of death and their study requires further work.

Diferencia en la relación de apego entre niños nacidos prematuros y niños nacidos a término: revisión bibliográfica / Difference in the attachment relationship between children born prematurely and children born at term: bibliographic review

Objetivo: Analizar la relación de apego de los niños nacidos prematuros con sus madres y padres, y compararla con la relación establecida entre los nacidos a término. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura en lengua inglesa y española de los últimos 12 años. Se usaron las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, WOS y ProQuest. Los términos MeSH utilizados fueron: object attachment, premature infants, prematurity, mother-child relations en combinación con los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se seleccionaron los artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de calidad metodológica establecidos por los investigadores (una puntuación ≥11 en la declaración STROBE). Resultados: Fueron seleccionados para el estudio 22 artículos completos (5 estudios cualitativos y 17 cuantitativos). En total se analizó una muestra de 1.785 sujetos en estudios cuantitativos y 164 en estudios cualitativos. Conclusión: No se observa relación entre la edad gestacional y el tipo de apego (AU)

Objective: To analyze the attachment relationship of children born prematurely with their mothers and compare it with the relationship established between mothers born at term. Methodology: Bibliographic review of the literature in English and Spanish of the last 12 years. The databases were PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, WOS and ProQuest. The MeSH terms used: object attachment, premature infants, prematurity, mother-child relations in combination with the Boolean operators AND and OR. Articles that met the methodological quality criteria established by the researchers (a score ≥11 points in the STROBE statement) were selected. Results: 22 full articles (5 qualitative and 17 quantitative studies) were chosen for the study. In total, a sample of 1785 subjects in quantitative studies and 164 in qualitative studies was analyzed. Conclusion: Relationship between gestational age and type of attachment is not observed. (AU)

Measuring invisible nursing interventions: Development and validation of Perception of Invisible Nursing Care-Hospitalisation questionnaire (PINC-H) in cancer patients.

Visible nursing work is usually associated with formal work and physician-delegated tasks which are protocolised and usually well documented. Nevertheless, nurses carry out many actions and display specific attitudes and behaviours which, despite contributing to the well-being, recovery of patients and satisfaction with the attention received, are not as visible. Previous studies have been conducted in order to define 'invisible nursing interventions', but no quantitative instruments focused on measuring invisible nursing interventions have been found in the literature. PURPOSE: To test the psychometric properties of the Perception of Invisible Nursing Care-Hospitalisation (PINC-H) questionnaire. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey design. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 381 participants recruited consecutively after discharge from a Spanish hospital. Data were collected from 2012 to 2020. RESULTS: Three factors were identified from exploratory factor analysis, namely 'Caring for the person', 'Caring for the environment and the family' and 'Caring presence'. Criterion Validity Coefficient was highly significant (p < 0.001) with values ranging between 0.63 and 0.71. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96. Test-retest reliability was estimated in a subsample of 187 participants; in all the items, correlation coefficients were highly significant (p < 0.001) and within range (0.532-0.811) with a mean value of 0.680. Also, correlations between each dimension and the complete questionnaire indicated good temporal stability between measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument had satisfactory validity and reliability. PINC-H can contribute to highlight nursing interventions and behaviours which are often unseen and, thus, less valued. We argue that PINC-H will also be useful to evaluate the quality of invisible nursing care to oncology inpatients.

Características epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios del sistema aragonés de salud y su relación con el índice de comorbilidad / Deaths in hospital emergency departments in Aragon: patient characteristics and association with comorbidity

OBJETIVO: Conocer las características clínico/epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos en los servicios de urgencias (SU) de Aragón (España) y su relación con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal realizado con datos recogidos entre los años 2013-2017. Las variables se obtuvieron de la base de datos "Puesto clínico hospitalario" (PCH) y estas se relacionaron con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson mediante el estadístico ji cuadrado (ajustado a un nivel de significación de p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un valor medio de 6,58 en el índice de Charlson, con un total de 1.177 pacientes con valores mayores o igual a 7 puntos. La edad media fue de 81,1 años (DE: 12,1), con un 52,1% de hombres. El tiempo medio de fallecimiento en el servicio fue de 639 (DE: 777) minutos. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la variable Índice de Charlson con la mayoría de variables de estudio, exceptuando el sexo y año de fallecimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes fallecidos en los SU de Aragón poseen elevados índices de comorbilidad. Entre estos se observa un grupo importante de pacientes con una elevada edad, alta frecuencia de patología crónica avanzada y polifarmacia. Se resalta la necesidad de incorporar estrategias de atención crónica y paliativa en los SU para este gru¬po cada vez más numeroso de pacientes por el progresivo envejecimiento poblacional

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and personal characteristics of patients who died in hospital emergency departments in Aragon, Spain, and explore associations with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). METHODS: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of deaths between 2013 and 2017. Data was extracted from the clinical database for hospital emergencies (official name, Puesto Clínico Hospitalario). Associations between variables and the CCI were explored with the χ2 test (significance level P<.05). RESULTS: The mean CCI was 6.58. A total of 1177 patients had CCIs of 7 or higher. The mean age was 81.1 years, and 52.1% were men. The mean (SD) time until death in the emergency department was 639 (777) minutes. The CCI was significantly associated with most clinical and personal variables studied, with the exception of sex and year. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who die in Aragon's emergency departments have high levels of comorbidity. A large proportion of patients are of advanced age. Polypharmacy and advanced chronic conditions are common. We stress the need to implement emergency department approaches to ongoing and palliative care for this group, which is growing as the population ages

Vendrán virus más peligrosos y solo un ecosistema saludable nos salvará / More dangerous viruses will come and only a healthy ecosystem will save us

No disponible

Deaths in hospital emergency departments in Aragon: patient characteristics and association with comorbidity. / Características epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios del sistema aragonés de salud y su relación con el índice de comorbilidad.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and personal characteristics of patients who died in hospital emergency departments in Aragon, Spain, and explore associations with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of deaths between 2013 and 2017. Data was extracted from the clinical database for hospital emergencies (official name, Puesto Clínico Hospitalario). Associations between variables and the CCI were explored with the χ2 test (significance level P<.05). RESULTS: The mean CCI was 6.58. A total of 1177 patients had CCIs of 7 or higher. The mean age was 81.1 years, and 52.1% were men. The mean (SD) time until death in the emergency department was 639 (777) minutes. The CCI was significantly associated with most clinical and personal variables studied, with the exception of sex and year. CONCLUSION: Patients who die in Aragon's emergency departments have high levels of comorbidity. A large proportion of patients are of advanced age. Polypharmacy and advanced chronic conditions are common. We stress the need to implement emergency department approaches to ongoing and palliative care for this group, which is growing as the population ages.

OBJETIVO: Conocer las características clínico/epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos en los servicios de urgencias (SU) de Aragón (España) y su relación con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson. METODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal realizado con datos recogidos entre los años 2013-2017. Las variables se obtuvieron de la base de datos "Puesto clínico hospitalario" (PCH) y estas se relacionaron con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson mediante el estadístico ji cuadrado (ajustado a un nivel de significación de p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un valor medio de 6,58 en el índice de Charlson, con un total de 1.177 pacientes con valores mayores o igual a 7 puntos. La edad media fue de 81,1 años (DE: 12,1), con un 52,1% de hombres. El tiempo medio de fallecimiento en el servicio fue de 639 (DE: 777) minutos. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la variable Índice de Charlson con la mayoría de variables de estudio, exceptuando el sexo y año de fallecimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes fallecidos en los SU de Aragón poseen elevados índices de comorbilidad. Entre estos se observa un grupo importante de pacientes con una elevada edad, alta frecuencia de patología crónica avanzada y polifarmacia. Se resalta la necesidad de incorporar estrategias de atención crónica y paliativa en los SU para este grupo cada vez más numeroso de pacientes por el progresivo envejecimiento poblacional.

Nursing Now y los Colegios Profesionales de Enfermeras en España / Nursing Now and Professional Nurses Associations in Spain

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Percepción de los cuidados visibles e invisibles desde una doble perspectiva en una Unidad de Hemodiálisis / Perception of visible and invisible care from a double perspective in a Hemodialysis Unit

OBJETIVO: Analizar y comparar la percepción del cuidado desde la perspectiva de pacientes y enfermeras. Población: 42 pacientes y 34 enfermeras de un Servicio de Hemodiálisis. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal, en el que se administró a los participantes un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y la escala CIBISA. Resultados principales: El valor medio de la escala CIBISA en pacientes fue significativamente superior al del grupo de profesionales. No se observó asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas y la percepción de cuidados, tanto en el grupo de pacientes como en el de enfermeras. CONCLUSIÓN: Enfermeras y pacientes tienen un punto de vista diferente sobre los cuidados, siendo estos últimos los que dan más valor al cuidado invisible. Esto debe hacer reflexionar sobre la posición que las enfermeras adoptan con las personas que cuidan: tecnificación o cuidados

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the perception of care from the perspective of patients and nurses. Study population: 42 patients and 34 nurses from a hemodialysis service participated in the study. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive transversal study, in which participants were given a questionnaire of sociodemographic variables and the CIBISA scale. MAIN RESULTS: The average value of the CIBISA scale in patients was significantly higher than that of the group of professionals. No association was observed between sociodemographic variables and the perception of care, both in the group of patients and in the group of nurses. CONCLUSION: Nurses and patients have a different view of care, the latter being the ones that give more value to invisible care. This should make you reflect on the position that nurses take with caregivers: technification or care

[Healthcare professionals' perceptions and confrontation at patients' end-of-life in emergency departments: A qualitative systematic review]. / Afrontamiento y percepción profesional en la atención al final de la vida en los servicios hospitalarios de emergencias. Una revisión sistemática cualitativa.

BACKGROUND: Emergency services are specialized in population's severe illness care. However, the increasing trend of chronic patients which in some cases require of palliative care, has lead to a higher influx of this type of patients in emergency services, thus growing the rate of deaths consequently. How is this fact perceived by the health professionals and which strategies they count on to face patients' death? The aim of this work was to deeply review the perception and the strategies to face patients' death in the end-of-life (EOL) at emergency services. METHODS: Systematic review of qualitative studies was made according to PRISMA statements. Research was performed in the following bibliographic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, VHL Regional portal, Cuiden, COCHRANE LIBRARY and JBI. Inclusion criteria were as follows: Physicians and Nurses with at least one year of working experience as health professionals, Pediatric care excluded. Methodological quality, data extraction and its inclusion process was made in agreement with the tools described in JBI. RESULTS: The extracted findings were structured and added in 4 thematic categories: 1) Priority of professional attention according to the causes and origin of patient's death; 2) Environmental barriers in the department hindering attention at the EOL; 3) professionals' emotions dealing with patients' death; 4) Professional strategies dealing with patient' death. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals (Physicians and nurses) face more efficiently patients' death when is caused by a critic disease than when is caused by chronic/palliative diseases. Environment and the lack of training have been identified as factors that difficult end-of-life attention in emergency services.

OBJETIVO: Los servicios de urgencias están especializados en la atención de afecciones agudo/críticas de la población, sin embargo, el aumento considerable de enfermedades crónicas que en algunos casos requieren cuidados paliativos ha generado una mayor afluencia de estos pacientes a los departamentos de emergencias (DE), produciéndose en ocasiones, la muerte en los mismos. ¿Cómo perciben y qué tipo de estrategias poseen los profesionales ante el fallecimiento de un paciente en éste servicio? El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la percepción y las estrategias de afrontamiento de los profesionales en la atención al final de la vida (FV) en los DE. METODOS: Revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos cumpliendo los criterios de la Declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases bibliográficas: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, VHL Regional Portal, Cuiden, COCHRANE LIBRARY y JBI. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: profesionales de medicina/ enfermería, con más de un año de experiencia. No se incluyó la atención pediátrica. La calidad metodológica, la extracción de los datos y el proceso de síntesis se realizó mediante las herramientas de la guía para revisiones sistemáticas cualitativas del JBI. RESULTADOS: Se estructuró los hallazgos extraídos en 4 categorías temáticas: 1) Prioridad de atención profesional según las causas/origen de la muerte; 2) Barreras ambientales en los DE que dificultan la atención al FV; 3) Emociones del profesional frente a la muerte de los pacientes; 4) Estrategias profesionales relacionadas con la muerte del paciente. CONCLUSIONES: Los profesionales sanitarios (médicos/enfermeras) afrontan de forma más eficaz los fallecimientos ocasionados por causas de origen aguda/críticas, frente las presentadas por causas crónico/paliativas. Las características del entorno y la falta de formación para el afrontamiento profesional se destacan como factores que dificultan la atención al FV en estos departamentos.

Adapting and validating the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) for nursing students (HSOPS-NS): A new measure of Patient Safety Climate.

BACKGROUND: Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Climate (PSC) are different factors. PSC is the shared perception that is held within a hospital's area or unit at a specific moment in time. This measure is necessary for designing activities for promoting and improving safety. It must include the perception of all the agents involved, including future nurses throughout their patient safety education. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to adapt and validate a new version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS), targeted specifically at nursing students. It provides a new comprehensive and more complete measure of PSC that contributes to improving patient safety. METHODS: Data were obtained from 654 undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. PSC was tested using factor analyses and structural equation modeling. In order to facilitate the improvement of PSC, we examined differences in climate strength across different academic groups using the Rwg(j) and ICC measures of inter-rater agreement. RESULTS: Factor analyses confirmed a five-factor solution that explained between 52.45% and 54.75% of the variance. The model was found to have adequate fit χ2 (5) = 14.333, p = .014; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.05. Cronbach's alphas for PSC were between 0.74 and 0.77. "Teamwork within units" was the highest rated dimension, and "Staffing" the lowest rated. Medium-to-high scores were obtained for PSC. The median of Rwg (j) was high in the five dimensions of the PSC survey, supporting the idea of shared climate perceptions (0.81-0.96) among undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: HSOPS-NS is a useful and versatile tool for measuring the level and strength of PSC. It screens knowledge regarding patient safety in clinical practice placements and compares nursing students' perceptions of the strength of PSC. Weaknesses perceived in relation to PSC help implement changes in patient safety learning.

Afrontamiento y percepción profesional en la atención al final de la vida en los servicios hospitalarios de emergencias. Una revisión sistemática cualitativa / Healthcare professionals' perceptions and confrontation at patients' end-of-life in emergency departments: a qualitative systematic review

OBJETIVO: Los servicios de urgencias están especializados en la atención de afecciones agudo/críticas de la población, sin embargo, el aumento considerable de enfermedades crónicas que en algunos casos requieren cuidados paliativos ha generado una mayor afluencia de estos pacientes a los departamentos de emergencias (DE), produciéndose en ocasiones, la muerte en los mismos. ¿Cómo perciben y qué tipo de estrategias poseen los profesionales ante el fallecimiento de un paciente en éste servicio? El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la percepción y las estrategias de afrontamiento de los profesionales en la atención al final de la vida (FV) en los DE. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos cumpliendo los criterios de la Declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases bibliográficas: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, VHL Regional Portal, Cuiden, COCHRANE LIBRARY y JBI. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: profesionales de medicina/ enfermería, con más de un año de experiencia. No se incluyó la atención pediátrica. La calidad metodológica, la extracción de los datos y el proceso de síntesis se realizó mediante las herramientas de la guía para revisiones sistemáticas cualitativas del JBI. RESULTADOS: Se estructuró los hallazgos extraídos en 4 categorías temáticas: 1) Prioridad de atención profesional según las causas/origen de la muerte; 2) Barreras ambientales en los DE que dificultan la atención al FV; 3) Emociones del profesional frente a la muerte de los pacientes; 4) Estrategias profesionales relacionadas con la muerte del paciente. CONCLUSIONES: Los profesionales sanitarios (médicos/enfermeras) afrontan de forma más eficaz los fallecimientos ocasionados por causas de origen aguda/críticas, frente las presentadas por causas crónico/paliativas. Las características del entorno y la falta de formación para el afrontamiento profesional se destacan como factores que dificultan la atención al FV en estos departamentos

BACKGROUND: Emergency services are specialized in population's severe illness care. However, the increasing trend of chronic patients which in some cases require of palliative care, has lead to a higher influx of this type of patients in emergency services, thus growing the rate of deaths consequently. How is this fact perceived by the health professionals and which strategies they count on to face patients' death? The aim of this work was to deeply review the perception and the strategies to face patients' death in the end-of-life (EOL) at emergency services. METHODS: Systematic review of qualitative studies was made according to PRISMA statements. Research was performed in the following bibliographic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, VHL Regional portal, Cuiden, COCHRANE LIBRARY and JBI. Inclusion criteria were as follows: Physicians and Nurses with at least one year of working experience as health professionals, Pediatric care excluded. Methodological quality, data extraction and its inclusion process was made in agreement with the tools described in JBI. RESULTS: The extracted findings were structured and added in 4 thematic categories: 1) Priority of professional attention according to the causes and origin of patient's death; 2) Environmental barriers in the department hindering attention at the EOL; 3) professionals' emotions dealing with patients' death; 4) Professional strategies dealing with patient' death. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals (Physicians and nurses) face more efficiently patients' death when is caused by a critic disease than when is caused by chronic/palliative diseases. Environment and the lack of training have been identified as factors that difficult end-of-life attention in emergency services

Perceptions of nursing students after performing an individual activity designed to develop their critical thinking: The "critical card" tool.

Critical thinking in Health Sciences is among the transversal competences in the Nursing Degree. The critical card is a tool of individual learning, designed to develop critical thinking, and set in the process of environmental health learning. Every student must perform the activity to obtain the highest qualification in Community Health Nursing subject. The aim of this project was to evaluate this learning tool using the students' perceptions after its performance. The evaluation was based on the answers to a questionnaire obtained from the third course students of Nursing Degree at the University of Zaragoza. The questionnaire was made up of 14 Likert-type questions, grouped in four dimensions. The student participation rate was higher than 50%. The analysis of the questionnaire obtained 67,8% positive answers. The variability between dimensions ranged between 49% of positive answers for application in other subjects and 87% of positive answers for the improvements applicable to the instrument. The students coincided in indicating that the critical card is a useful learning tool and could be applicable in other subjects. However, the weight it is given in the global evaluation of the subject is considered to be too low, considering the time used to complete the activity.

La escala CIBISA. Herramienta para la autoevaluación del aprendizaje práctico de estudiantes de enfermería / The CIBISA scale. Self-assessment tool for practical learning of nursing students

Objetivo principal: Elaborar y validar un cuestionario para medir el aprendizaje de los cuidados enfermeros durante las prácticas en el grado de enfermería. Metodología: Elaboración de la escala inicial de 45 ítems, pilotaje de la herramienta con alumnado de la Universidad de Zaragoza y Universidad del País Vasco, mediante análisis de la fiabilidad y de estructura. Posterior consulta a expertos para validación de contenido. Resultados principales: El resultado del pilotaje reportó que el global de la herramienta presentaba buena fiabilidad (alfa=0,888), con una estructura unidimensional que explica el 66% de la varianza. El grupo de expertos confirmó la estructura unidimensional de la escala, y propuso la eliminación de 17 ítems por considerarlos redundantes. Conclusión principal: La herramienta presentada resulta útil para la evaluación del aprendizaje del alumnado. Resultaría necesario ampliar el estudio con muestras de otras universidades, e incluir herramientas que aporten validez convergente o divergente

Objective: Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure the learning of nursing care during Nurse Degree clinical practices. Methods: Elaboration of a 45-item initial scale, pilot study with students from University of Zaragoza and University of Pais Vasco, through reliability and structural analysis. Content validation through experts consulting. Results: Pilot-study result a good reliability (alpha=0,888) in the global tool, with a unidimensional structure accounting for variance 66%. The expert panel confirmed that unidimensional structure for the scale, and considered 17 items redundant, proposing its elimination. Conclusions: Presented tool is useful for students learning assessment. It would be necessary to Include samples from other universities and tools that provide convergent and divergent validity in further studies

Terminología mindfulness en la literatura científica española: expresiones y definiciones utilizadas / No disponible

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Presencia de las mujeres en los órganos de dirección de los colegios profesionales del ámbito de la salud en 2015 / Presence of women in management bodies of the profesional associations of the field of health in 2015

Fundamentos: La progresiva incorporación de las mujeres en las profesiones sanitarias no se corresponde con su presencia en puestos de responsabilidad. Dado que los colegios profesionales tienen un papel esencial en la representación y regulación profesional, se plantea como objetivo describir la frecuencia de la presencia de las mujeres en las estructuras directivas de los colegios profesionales del ámbito de la salud en España y comprobar el grado de cumplimiento de los criterios de paridad. Métodos: Se identificó el género de la persona que ocupaba la presidencia, los cargos ejecutivos y la junta directiva visitando las webs del Consejo General de los colegios profesionales de Psicología, Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Médicos, Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Enfermería de España, Consejo General de Colegios de Fisioterapeutas, Consejo General de Dentistas, Organización Farmacéutica colegial y Consejo General de Colegios oficiales de Podólogos. Se describió el porcentaje de mujeres de forma global y según profesión y se comparó con las cifras de colegiados y colegiadas según el INE para 2014. Resultados: De 251 colegios profesionales en julio de 2015, 41 (21,91%) la presidencia estaba ocupada por mujeres. También ocupaban el 34,69% de los puestos ejecutivos y el 42,80% del total de las juntas directivas. Los colegios médicos y de enfermería tenían una mujer en la presidencia en el 11,32% y 43,48% respectivamente. Los de psicología fueron los que presentaron mayor presencia femenina en la presidencia, el 45,83%. Conclusión: No existe paridad entre hombres y mujeresen el conjunto de los colegios estudiados. La presencia femenina es mayor en colegios de psicología y enfermería y mucho menor en los de odontología, fisioterapia, podología y medicina con el nivel de responsabilidad disminuye la presencia de las mujeres (AU)

Background: The gradual increase of women in the health professions does not correspond with her presence in positions of power. Given that professional colleges have an essential role in the representation and professional regulation, arises as an aim to describe the presence of women in the managerial structures of the professional colleges of health in Spain now to verify the degree of compliance with the criteria of parity. Methods: The Spanish official professionals´ colleges were compiled by visiting the websites of the General Council of the Psychology of Spain, General Council of Medical Associations of Spain, General Council of Colleges of Nursing of Spain, General Council of Physiotherapists Schools of Spain, General Dental Council , Organization collegiate Pharmaceutical General and Council of Associations of Podiatrists. All their webs were visited. The sex of the presidency, the executive and the entire board was identified. Data were analyzed according to the overall percentage of women and profession. We compared this to the INE-2014 collegiate professionals. Results: Out of 251 professionals´ colleges in July-2015, 21, 91% had a female president. Women hold 34,69% of the executive positions and 42,80% of total boards. 11, 32% of Medical colleges had a female president and 43,48% of Nursing ones. The Psychology are those with more women in the presidency, 45, 83%. Conclusion: There is no parity, being higher in Psychology and Nursing and, much lower in Dentistry, Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Medicine. It decreases with the responsibility level. Health Inequality (AU)

[Presence of women in management bodies of the professional associations of the field of health in 2015]. / Presencia de las mujeres en los órganos de dirección de los colegios profesionales del ámbito de la salud en 2015.

BACKGROUND: The gradual increase of women in the health professions does not correspond with her presence in positions of power. Given that professional colleges have an essential role in the representation and professional regulation, arises as an aim to describe the presence of women in the managerial structures of the professional colleges of health in Spain now to verify the degree of compliance with the criteria of parity. METHODS: The Spanish official professionals' colleges were compiled by visiting the websites of the General Council of the Psychology of Spain, General Council of Medical Associations of Spain, General Council of Colleges of Nursing of Spain, General Council of Physiotherapists Schools of Spain, General Dental Council, Organization collegiate Pharmaceutical General and Council of Associations of Podiatrists. All their webs were visited. The sex of the presidency, the executive and the entire board was identified. Data were analyzed according to the overall percentage of women and profession. We compared this to the INE-2014 collegiate professionals. RESULTS: Out of 251 professionals' colleges in July-2015, 21, 91% had a female president. Women hold 34,69% of the executive positions and 42,80% of total boards. 11, 32% of Medical colleges had a female president and 43,48% of Nursing ones. The Psychology are those with more women in the presidency, 45, 83%. CONCLUSION: There is no parity, being higher in Psychology and Nursing and, much lower in Dentistry, Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Medicine. It decreases with the responsibility level. Health Inequality.

La enfermería en el Espacio Europeo de Convergencia Superior / No disponible

No disponible

Los métodos y técnicas cualitativas y sus utilidades / Qualitative methods and techniques and their applications

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